Top Angularjs Interview Questions 2023

A list of the top frequently asked AngularJS interview questions and answers is given below.

List of Angularjs Interview Questions:

1. What is Angular Framework?

Angular is a TypeScript-based open-source front-end platform that makes it easy to build applications on the web/mobile/desktop. The major features of this framework such as declarative templates, dependency injection, end-to-end tooling, and many other features are used to ease the development.

2. What is TypeScript?

TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript created by Microsoft that adds optional types, classes, async/await, and many other features, and compiles to plain JavaScript. Angular built entirely in TypeScript and used as a primary language. You can install it globally as

npm install -g typescript

Let’s see a simple example of TypeScript usage,

function greeter(person: string) {
return “Hello, ” + person;
}

let user = “Sudheer”;

document.body.innerHTML = greeter(user);

3. What is the difference between AngularJS and Angular?

Angular is a completely revived component-based framework in which an application is a tree of individual components.

Some of the major differences :

4. Write a pictorial diagram of Angular architecture?

The main building blocks of an Angular application is shown in the below diagram 

5. What are the key components of Angular?

Angular has the below key components,

1. Component: These are the basic building blocks of angular application to control HTML views.
2. Modules: An angular module is a set of angular basic building blocks like components, directives, services, etc. An application is divided into logical pieces and each piece of code is called a “module” which performs a single task.
3. Templates: These represent the views of an Angular application.
4. Services: It is used to create components that can be shared across the entire application.
5. Metadata: This can be used to add more data to an Angular class.

6. What are directives?

Directives add behaviour to an existing DOM element or an existing component instance.

import { Directive, ElementRef, Input } from '@angular/core';

@Directive({ selector: '[myHighlight]' })
export class HighlightDirective {
    constructor(el: ElementRef) {
       el.nativeElement.style.backgroundColor = 'yellow';
    }
}

Now this directive extends HTML element behavior with a yellow background as below

<p myHighlight>Highlight me!</p>

7. What are components?

Components are the most basic UI building block of an Angular app which formed a tree of Angular components. These components are subset of directives. Unlike directives, components always have a template and only one component can be instantiated per an element in a template. Let’s see a simple example of Angular component

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component ({
   selector: 'my-app',
   template: ` <div>
      <h1>{{title}}</h1>
      <div>Learn Angular6 with examples</div>
   </div> `,
})

export class AppComponent {
   title: string = 'Welcome to Angular world';
}

8. What are the differences between Component and Directive?

On a short note, A component(@component) is a directive with a template.
Some of the major differences are mentioned in a tabular form

9. What is a template?

A template is a HTML view where you can display data by binding controls to properties of an Angular component. You can store your component’s template in one of two places. You can define it inline using the template property, or you can define the template in a separate HTML file and link to it in the component metadata using the @Component decorator’s templateUrl property.

Using inline template with template syntax,

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component ({
   selector: 'my-app',
   template: '
      <div>
         <h1>{{title}}</h1>
         <div>Learn Angular</div>
      </div>
   '
})

export class AppComponent {
   title: string = 'Hello World';
}

Using separate template file such as app.component.html

import { Component } from '@angular/core';

@Component ({
   selector: 'my-app',
   templateUrl: 'app/app.component.html'
})

export class AppComponent {
   title: string = 'Hello World';
}

10. What is a module?

Modules are logical boundaries in your application and the application is divided into separate modules to separate the functionality of your application. Lets take an example of app.module.ts root module declared with @NgModule decorator as below,

import { NgModule }      from '@angular/core';
import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { AppComponent }  from './app.component';

@NgModule ({
   imports:      [ BrowserModule ],
   declarations: [ AppComponent ],
   bootstrap:    [ AppComponent ],
   providers: []
})
export class AppModule { }

The NgModule decorator has five important(among all) options

1. The imports option is used to import other dependent modules. The BrowserModule is required by default for any web based angular application
2. The declarations option is used to define components in the respective module
3. The bootstrap option tells Angular which Component to bootstrap in the application
4. The providers option is used to configure set of injectable objects that are available in the injector of this module.
5. The entryComponents option is a set of components dynamically loaded into the view.

11. What are lifecycle hooks available?

11. Angular application goes through an entire set of processes or has a lifecycle right from its initiation to the end of the application. The representation of lifecycle in pictorial representation as follows,The description of each lifecycle method is as below,
    1. ngOnChanges: When the value of a data bound property changes, then this method is called.
    2. ngOnInit: This is called whenever the initialization of the directive/component after Angular first displays the data-bound properties happens.
    3. ngDoCheck: This is for the detection and to act on changes that Angular can’t or won’t detect on its own.
    4. ngAfterContentInit: This is called in response after Angular projects external content into the component’s view.
    5. ngAfterContentChecked: This is called in response after Angular checks the content projected into the component.
    6. ngAfterViewInit: This is called in response after Angular initializes the component’s views and child views.
    7. ngAfterViewChecked: This is called in response after Angular checks the component’s views and child views.
    8. ngOnDestroy: This is the cleanup phase just before Angular destroys the directive/component.

12. What is a data binding?

Data binding is a core concept in Angular and allows to define communication between a component and the DOM, making it very easy to define interactive applications without worrying about pushing and pulling data. There are four forms of data binding(divided as 3 categories) which differ in the way the data is flowing.

1. From the Component to the DOM:Interpolation: {{ value }}: Adds the value of a property from the component

<li>Name: {{ user.name }}</li>
<li>Address: {{ user.address }}</li>

Property binding: [property]=”value”: The value is passed from the component to the specified property or simple HTML attribute

<input type="email" [value]="user.email">

• From the DOM to the Component: Event binding: (event)=”function”: When a specific DOM event happens (eg.: click, change, keyup), call the specified method in the component

<button (click)="logout()"></button>

• Two-way binding: Two-way data binding: [(ngModel)]=”value”: Two-way data binding allows to have the data flow both ways. For example, in the below code snippet, both the email DOM input and component email property are in sync

<input type="email" [(ngModel)]="user.email">

13. What is metadata?

Metadata is used to decorate a class so that it can configure the expected behavior of the class. The metadata is represented by decorators

1. Class decorators, e.g. @Component and @NgModule

import { NgModule, Component } from ‘@angular/core’;

@Component({
selector: ‘my-component’,
template: ‘

Class decorator’,
})
export class MyComponent {
constructor() {
console.log(‘Hey I am a component!’);
}
}

@NgModule({
imports: [],
declarations: [],
})
export class MyModule {
constructor() {
console.log(‘Hey I am a module!’);
}
}

Property decorators Used for properties inside classes, e.g. @Input and @Output

import { Component, Input } from ‘@angular/core’;

@Component({
selector: ‘my-component’,
template: ‘

Property decorator’
})

export class MyComponent {
@Input()
title: string;
}

Method decorators Used for methods inside classes, e.g. @HostListener

14.